MINI REVIEW Microbial glycosaminoglycan glycosyltransferases

نویسنده

  • Paul L. DeAngelis
چکیده

Glycosaminoglycans, a class of linear polysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units containing a hexosamine, are important carbohydrates found in many organisms. Vertebrates utilize glycosaminoglycans in structural, recognition, adhesion, and signaling roles. Certain pathogenic bacteria produce extracellular capsules composed of glycosaminoglycans or glycosaminoglycanlike polymers that enhance the microbes’ ability to infect or to colonize the host. In the period from 1993 to 2001, bacterial enzymes were discovered that catalyze the polymerization of the repeating unit of hyaluronan, chondroitin, or N-acetylheparosan (unsulfated, unepimerized heparin). Depending on the specific carbohydrate and the microorganism, either a dual-action enzyme (synthase) that transfers two distinct monosaccharides or a pair of single-action transferases are utilized to synthesize the glycosaminoglycan polymer. Current views on the enzymology, structures, potential evolution, and the roles of the known glycosyltransferases from Streptococcus, Pasteurella, and Escherichia are discussed.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Fasting and apoptosis: a mini review

Fasting, that is usually described as abstinence from all food and drink for a period of time, has been experienced for ages. Health, protest, religious expressions of devotion and purification are the most important reasons for fasting. Many changes occur in the body during fasting including metabolic, mineral, hormonal, immunological and psychological. Its use as one of the oldest therapies a...

متن کامل

Benefits and Risks of Aquaculture Foods in Primary Health Care: A Mini-Review

Primary Health Care (PHC) is expected to serve as a basis for the countrychr('39')s health sector, of which it is the primary responsibility and priority, as well as the communitychr('39')s overall collective and economic prosperity. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition are among eight elements of PHC. Protein deficiency is one of the most important health concerns in some parts of the...

متن کامل

Human Genetic Disorders and Knockout Mice Deficient in Glycosaminoglycan

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases and sulfotransferases. The structural diversity of GAG polysaccharides, including their sulfation patterns and sequential arrangements, is essential for a wide range of biological activities such as cell signaling, cell proliferation, ...

متن کامل

Mutations in Biosynthetic Enzymes for the Protein Linker Region of Chondroitin/Dermatan/Heparan Sulfate Cause Skeletal and Skin Dysplasias

Glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin, dermatan, and heparan sulfate, have various roles in a wide range of biological events such as cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with various growth factors. Their polysaccharides covalently attach to the serine residues on specific core proteins through the common linker region tetrasaccharide, -xylose-galactos...

متن کامل

Application of Electrospun Nanofibrous PHBV Scaffold in Neural Graft and Regeneration: A Mini-Review

Among the synthetic polymers, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microbial polyester is one of the biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers in the nanomedicine scope. PHBV has key points and suitable properties to support cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of nanofibers. Nanofibers are noticeably employed in order to enhance the performance of biomaterials,...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2002